Sentiment Analysis and Machine Learning Classification of COVID-19 Vaccine Tweets: Vaccination in the shadow of fear-trust dilemma

In addition to infecting millions of people and causing hundreds of thousands of deaths, COVID-19 has also caused psychological and economic devastation. Studies on the vaccine, which is considered to be the only way to eliminate this pandemic, have been rapidly completed and more than 10 vaccines have begun to be applied worldwide by 2021. One of the biggest obstacles to the fight against COVID-19 is the hesitation against the vaccine. The fear factor, fed by incomplete and false information spreading rapidly through social media applications such as Twitter, is thought to be the main reason for this hesitation. In this study, the general sentiment against the COVID-19 vaccine is analyzed. For this, in the first week of January 2021, more than 8000 tweets are extracted with R statistical software and Twitter API, and appropriate sentiment analysis methods are applied. On the other hand, accuracy values are obtained by applying Logistic Regression and Naive Bayes methods, which are effective and widely used supervised machine learning methods, for sentiment classification. Although the results indicate that there is a positive attitude about the vaccine, it is remarkable that the rate of negative sentiments is relatively high (30%). Trust is the dominant sentiment on the positive side, while fear is the dominant sentiment on the negative side. According to the results of the classification methods, accuracy values are close to 90%.

Evaluation of inflammatory and hematological parameters in patients diagnosed with COVID-19.

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to research the effects of hematological and inflammatory parameters on the prognosis of COVID-19 disease and hospitalization duration. METHODOLOGY: One hundred and eighty-six patients with COVID-19 and a control group consisting of 187 healthy individuals were included in the study. Hematological variables and inflammatory parameters of the patients were recorded on the first and the fifth days of hospitalization. RESULTS: White blood cell count, lymphocyte count, and platelet count were statistically lower, and mean platelet volume (MPV), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) levels were higher in the patient group compared to the control group. It was observed that the neutrophil count and MPV level were lower, and the platelet count and ferritin level were statistically higher on the fifth day of follow-up compared to the admission day. In contrast, there was a significantly positive correlation between the duration of hospitalization and the fifth day D-dimer (r = 0.546, p < 0.001) and ferritin (r = 0.568, p < 0.001); in addition, there was a negative correlation between the duration of hospitalization and admission day lymphocyte count and the fifth-day lymphocyte count. CONCLUSIONS: Increased levels of ferritin and D-dimer, and decreased count of lymphocytes are among the important factors affecting the duration of hospitalization for COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, we think that neutrophil count and MPV levels are low, and platelet count and ferritin levels are high during the disease. Therefore, these parameters can be used as prognostic indicators of the disease.

The Candidate Molecules, RBD-ACE2 Binding Inhibitors to Prevent Sars-CoV-2 Infection

Angiotension-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the host receptor of the serious-acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (Sars-CoV-2) spike protein. In this article, the interaction of ACE2 with the receptor binding domains (RBD) of Wuhan-Hu-1 and United Kingdom (UK) and South African (SA) variants is examined in silico. Their Gibbs free energies were computed using a protein binding energies prediction model. The interaction characteristics of RBDs with possible inhibitory compounds as well as a standard drug, Paxlovid, were also investigated, and Gibbs free energies were computed. Molecular modeling, molecular dynamics and molecular docking methods were employed and the results are compared and discussed. The interaction of ACE2 with the RBD of Sars-Cov-2 spikes of Wuhan-Hu-1, B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants were examined in silico. In order to prevent complex formation between spike RBD and ACE2, the interactions of some candidate molecules and a standard drug with RBD were investigated. When the interactions of RBDs and ligands were analyzed in terms of hydrogen bonds and Gibbs free energies, Glucosamine and N-Acetyl-D-Galactasomine for Wuhan-Hu-1, Glucosamine for B.1.1.7 and Paxlovid for B.1.351 variants were found to be adventageous inhibitors. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Computational Biophysics & Chemistry is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Which COVID-19 Patients Die in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in Turkey

A comparison of deceased and surviving patients showed that being female, older than 62, and a smoker and having diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and/or coronary artery disease significantly increased mortality. Information about the patients' age, gender, comorbidities, duration of hospitalization, COVID-19-related lung tomography findings, hemogram parameters (white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet counts, haemoglobin level, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios (PLR), biochemical parameters, and ventilatory support [mechanical ventilation, non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV), high-flow oxygen (HFNO)] were retrospectively accessed in the hospital records. Since the first COVID-19 case was admitted on 15 March, 2020, a total of 618 patients have been diagnosed with COVID-19 in our hospital. The comparison of the deceased and surviving patients also displayed that smoking (p=0.004), diabetes mellitus (p=0.007), hypertension (p=0.042), and coronary artery disease (p=0.049) statistically increased mortality. In our study, the comparison of the laboratory parameters of the deceased and surviving patients showed that the platelet (p=0.006), white blood cell (p=0.048), and neutrophil counts (p=0.033), and NLR (p=0.010) and PLR (p=0.033) were significantly higher in the deceased group compared to the surviving group.

COVID-19 ve Yoğun Bakım Süreci

The patient with acute respiratory failure and hemodynamic instability, dyspnea and respiratory distress, respiratory rate >28/minute, oxygen saturation <93% despite nasal oxygen support of 5 liters/minute and above, partial oxygen pressure < 60 mmHg despite nasal oxygen support of 5 liters/minute and above, and PaO2/FiO2 < 300 are critically ill with Covid-19 pneumonia and should be treated and followed up in the intensive care unit. After these patients are admitted to the intensive care unit, they should be evaluated in detail in terms of clinical, laboratory and imaging findings. First of all, traditional oxygen support treatments (nasal cannula, face mask, mask with reservoir] should be started, if no results are obtained, high flow nasal cannulation should be applied, and if this method fails, noninvasive mechanical ventilation should be started. If the target oxygen saturation, respiratory rate and optimal respiratory physiology could not be reached despite the oxygen support treatment, intubation and mechanical ventilation support treatment should be started without wasting time.

Investigation of highly cited publications related to vaccines against COVID-19: current state and future predictions.

BACKGROUND: Since the date of declaring the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic by the World Health Organization (March 11, 2020), vaccine studies have been initiated. In this article, we aimed to investigate highly cited articles on vaccines and guide researchers for future studies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Publications with 6 or more citations (highly cited publications) were extracted from Web of Science (WoS) database. These publications were investigated according to the number of citations, language, publication year, WoS categories, publication types, organizations involved, authors, countries and research areas. Additionally, top 20 articles were investigated in detail. RESULTS: A total of 126 publications were determined. When WoS categories were investigated, 18 pertained to immunology (14.2 %), 17 to biochemistry (13.4 %) and 17 to multidisciplinary sciences (13.4 %). There were three types of publications, namely 80 original articles (63.4 %), 46 reviews (36.5 %) and 11 early access publications (8.7 %). Top universities were Harvard University (n=9, 7.1 %), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (n=7, 5.5 %) and University of California system (n=7, 5.5 %). Top authors were Qin CF with 4 articles (3.1 %), Wang L with 4 articles (3.1 %) and Baric RS with 3 articles (2.3 %). Top journals with the highest number of publications were Journal of Biomolecular Structure Dynamics (n=8, 6.3 %), Nature (n=8, 6.3 %) and Science (n=6, 4.7 %). Top countries were the United States of America (USA) with 45 articles (35.7 %), People's Republic of China with 44 articles (34.9 %), and India with 15 articles (11.9 %). Research areas of the publications were science technology other topics (n=21, 16.6 %), immunology (n=18, 14.2 %) and pharmacology (n=18, 14.2 %). CONCLUSION: Vaccine studies play a pivotal role in the warfare against COVID-19. Our results revealed that under the leadership of the USA, China and India, the number of scientists focusing on vaccines is increasing and gratifying results are obtained from vaccine studies (Tab. 3, Ref. 40).

The Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on the Quality of Life in Chronic Neurological Diseases: The Results of a COVQoL-CND Study.

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and lockdown period may induce an impairment in quality of life (QoL), disruption in treatment (DIT), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in chronic neurological diseases (CNDs). To reach this information, a multicenter, cross-sectional study (COVQoL-CND) was planned. Parkinson's disease (PD), headache (HA), multiple sclerosis (MS), epilepsy (EP), polyneuropathy (PNP), and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) were selected as the CND. METHODS: The COVQoL-CND study includes demographic data, the World Health Organization Quality of Life short form (WHOQOL-BREF), and Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) forms. RESULTS: The mean age of a total of 577 patients was 49 ± 17 (19-87 years), and the ratio of female/male was 352/225. The mean age of patients with PD, HA, MS, EP, PNP, and CVD were 65 ± 11, 39 ± 12, 38 ± 10, 47 ± 17, 61 ± 12, and 60 ± 15 years, respectively. The IES-R scores were found to be higher in the younger group, those with comorbid disease, contacted with CO-VID-19 patients, or diagnosed with COVID-19. In the group with a high IES-R score, the rate of DIT was found to be high. IES-R scores were negatively correlated with QoL. IES-R total scores were found highest in the CVD group and lowest in the PD group. The ratio of DIT was found highest in the PNP group and the lowest in the EP group. Contact with CO-VID-19 patients was high in the EP and HA group. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the COVQoL-CND study showed that lockdown causes posttraumatic stress and deterioration in the QoL in CND.

Comparison of performances of top emergency medicine journals in terms of COVID-19 publications in 2020.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative contribution of Emergency Medicine (EM) journals to scientific literature on COVID-19 and compare the journals in terms of publications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a comparison of top EM journals by hand-search in terms of COVID-19 publications and citations between January 1st and December 31st, 2020. Publications were also categorized according to research field, country and article types. Data were given as numbers and percentages. RESULTS: Among 18 EM journals, Resuscitation ranked in the first place and American Journal of Emergency Medicine ranked in the last place according to Impact Factor. In these journals, 512 (12.2%) articles related to COVID-19 were published. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine and Internal and Emergency Medicine published the greatest amount of publications related to COVID-19 (n = 71). The American Journal of Emergency Medicine was also the leading journal in terms of "Total Citations to COVID-19 Articles" (n = 1192). Western Journal of Emergency Medicine published the greatest proportion of COVID-19 articles (Total COVID-19 Articles/Total Articles = 0.3). World Journal of Emergency Surgery ranked in the first place in terms of citations per COVID-19 articles (n = 33.2). The most common studied field was Effects of COVID-19 on the Health System (n = 222). The US was the most productive country with 188 COVID-19 publications and 1411 citations to these publications, followed by Italy. CONCLUSION: The contribution of EM journals to COVID-19 literature is controversial. "Effects of COVID-19 on the Health System" is the most studied field. "Clinical Properties, Ethical Issues and Treatment Methods" are neglected fields in EM journals.